How to Detect a Gas Leak in Your Home

Natural gas is a relatively safe, efficient, and convenient source of energy, providing more than half the homes in the United States with heat and the ability to cook food, dry clothing, and heat water.¹ But if your natural gas is improperly installed or maintained, gas leaks can become a health risk and source of danger in your home.

There are also other potential sources of poisonous vapors in your home, including fumes from improperly ventilated generators, furnaces, and even attached garages. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicate as many as 50,000 Americans visit the emergency room yearly due to accidental carbon monoxide poisoning.²

In addition to the health risks, gas leaks carry explosive potential due to the highly flammable nature of the vapors. If you have gas installed in your home or business or are currently experiencing fumes inside the house that you can’t identify, we’ve compiled this guide to help you detect and prevent gas leaks.

1. Signs and symptoms of a gas leak
2. How to check for gas leaks
3. Carbon monoxide detectors
4. How to prevent gas leaks

Be aware that gas leaks aren’t the only potential source of gas in your home. Naturally occurring gas like radon can pose significant health risks in residential areas.

If you suspect a gas leak in your home, the very first thing you should do is turn off the pilot light or gas meter and alert your gas company or authorities. Because gas is odorless, suppliers add a potent smell similar to rotten eggs to alert occupants to the dangerous vapor and allow time for evacuation before symptoms become overwhelming.

In addition to an overpowering sulfur smell, there are a few other signs you might be experiencing a gas leak.

• A hissing or whistling sound
• Bubbles, dust, or a “cloud” in standing water
• Visible damage to a gas line connection
• House plants that suddenly die

One of the first early warnings of a gas leak or dangerous levels of gas in the home may be symptoms associated with carbon monoxide poisoning.³ This is because as the gas level increases, oxygen rates within the space drop. Symptoms of elevated carbon monoxide exposure include the following:

• Breathing difficulties or chest pains
• Lightheadedness or dizziness
• Headache
• Eye or throat irritation
• Nausea or reduced appetite
• Depression, irritability, or other mood changes
• Ringing in ears
• Frequent nosebleeds

Pets, children, older adults, and anyone with asthma may be among the first to suffer from symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning. Extremely high levels may cause loss of consciousness and, without prompt medical attention, even death.

In most cases, your nose will lead the way. Before carbon monoxide reaches dangerous levels, you’ll typically smell the odor associated with leaking gas. If you’re unsure, it’s still smart to turn off the pilot light on your stove, furnace, or water heater, open the windows, and get the folks who could be in danger out of harm’s way. Alert authorities immediately and don’t try to reenter the house until a professional deems it safe.

You can confirm or debunk a potential gas leak with the following tactics:

Stop moving for a minute and focus on what you can hear. If you know where the gas line is, try to identify if it’s emitting any sort of noise. It’s not always the case that the gas is moving through a confined space, so don’t rely on this sound exclusively to determine the presence of a leak.

When you turn on the burner, gas stoves will give off a blue flame. Blue indicates there is enough oxygen in the air for the gas to combust. Orange or red flames even after the stove has been lit spell trouble.

It sounds like an old wives’ tale, but mix a concentrated solution of a teaspoon of dish detergent with one cup of water. Apply it to wherever you suspect a leak, like a connection or juncture, and look for bubbles to form that indicate escaping gas.

The surest way to find a gas leak is to use a gas leak detector. There are plenty of options out there, and you can read about our recommendations for the best gas leak detectors.

In addition to being proactive about detecting air quality problems in your home, you can also prevent gas leaks and other potentially hazardous sources of carbon monoxide by conducting routine maintenance on furnaces, stoves, fireplaces and other equipment that uses gas. Additionally, ensure you properly ventilate spaces where gas is being used, whether it’s a furnace, a stove, or a generator. Last but not least, establish a monthly cadence for testing your carbon monoxide and smoke detectors, and be sure to refresh batteries annually.

• Best Gas Leak Detectors
• Carbon Monoxide Buyers Guide
• Nest Protect Smoke Alarm Review
• How to Increase Home Safety with These Top Radon Detectors

1. U.S. Energy Information Administration, “Natural Gas Explained: Use of Natural Gas”
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Carbon Monoxide Poisoning - Frequently Asked Questions”
3. Mayo Clinic, “Carbon Monoxide Poisoning”
4. United States Environmental Protection Agency, “A Citizen’s Guide to Radon”